Basketball :
Game definition
Football is a game taking place between the two teams, each team seeks to introduce a high ball in the basket on the pitch. At each point of the pitch with a basket for the team running the team members to enter the ball in the basket to score points superiority.
It is one of the world's most popular sport after soccer. Ladies and men can exercise under the same laws and rules the same technique.
Its inception and places of deployment
Known ancient civilizations games similar to basketball. In the seventh century BC knew the game (Bocta Facebook) when Maya (Maya), and known Alozatakih on behalf of the people (Chlashle), while the basketball as we know it today has came up with the Canadian professor during the school year from 1891 to 1982 and named James Nye Smith (James Nai Smith) professor of physical education at Springfield School (Springfield) in Massachusetts, US, has been called to exercise within a closed room, believing that by which maintains the fitness of his students physical during a special winter after the football game stop in the days of the cold and frost, and as an alternative for Swedish exercises and German, which were not compatible with the nature that tend to strength, speed and competition, and the saturation of their desire movement and activity, and self-expression.
After several experiments conducted by Professor Nye Smith put the ball game traded between all hands instead of feet, it blew the first experiment, whose purpose was to put the ball in the peach basket so it was called the game of basketball. And wanted Smith game free of roughness and violence present in American football, running the ball up to prevent players does not attack the bearer of violent attack to get them.
It was considered that the mere touch the player is an error contrary to the spirit of the game. He stressed in the game running and passing and shooting without touching the opponent, or attack him violently. Basketball was initially a peach basket blocked bottom. The referee puts a ladder near the basket so that the position of the ball when output stabilized in the target. Removed the bottom then he rested judgment of ups and downs to take out the ball at every goal scored.
He won the admiration and love of the game by Dr. Smith students, and worked to disseminate in their towns and villages during the New Year's holiday, gradually running for the equivalent to US colleges and institutes and schools before the law fully placed
After that Dr. Smith was forced to put the rules (13 core) for the game, which inspired them then current regulations for basketball, as is left of them 12 articles in the new law. After that the YMCA has adopted the game in the United States, and in other countries that were branches of the Assembly.
Then entered the professional field, and passes through several stages which have evolved, and progressed to be taken and their current form.
The number of players and duration of play
* It was at the beginning of nine players each team is. Three of the attack and three central and three for the defense, but the number of runs match was three for each half 20 minutes and then was amended, bringing to four quarters (runs) for each quarter of 10 minutes (at the level of international matches) or 12 minutes (at the level of the US National Basketball Association League matches - NBA). As for the matches colleges, the match should be divided into two halves (two games) for 20 minutes each half, while most high school games divided into four quarters of eight minutes each quarter. And it is allowed fifteen minutes to break in the middle of the game, while the rest are allowed two minutes after the end of each quarter "run" from other quarters. And continue for each period of extra time (Overtime), which is calculated after the end of regulation time of the match in a draw, for five minutes. The two teams exchanged Seltehma with the start of the second half of the match. The injury time in the play is the actual time of play; where is shut down when the game clock stops playing. Therefore, the basketball games take generally takes much of her time longer, and usually last for about two hours.
As for the number of players: Each team is composed on the pitch of five players at a time (out of twelve players registered in the list of each). This is not switching operations (Substitution) players are limited to a certain number of players, but can be made only when the play is off. And each Vrivmadrb (coach) oversees the development of the performance of the players and the development of strategies and plans that plays out the team, along with a number of other workers in the team such as assistant coach and team manager and Statistical doctor and fitness trainer.
At the Olympic Games, which took place in 1904 in the city of St. Louis in the United States, the difference arose US special presentation in basketball during this session in order to convince the countries of the world recognize it, Vhsal that during the session.
Formation of a committee to put the laws of the game
In 1906 Committee was formed to develop new rules of the game, it puts a new law consisting of 22 articles instead of the 13 articles in the law that put Dr. Smith.
During the First World War, American soldiers in March basketball game in the places where the attacks ended and that was a new factor, and effective in the process of the game spread around the world.
There remained differences in the game between the mandate and the mandate, in 1915 the development of a uniform law of the game, if collected body comprising representatives from all colleges and schools, and developed a new unified law.
First tournament Hcecchel FIBA
It was the first college championship game in Turin, Italy in 1933. Where delegates joint bodies met in this tournament in the city of Lausanne in Switzerland, and they decided together to form an international body working to unite for the game laws, and is seeking to enter the Olympic Games program, it appeared the first international federation of basketball on 7 October 1933.
The first appearance of basketball in the Olympic Games
At the 1936 Olympic Games basketball included in the Olympic program for the first time. The matches took place in the presence of Dr. Smith, the founder of the game, and watched the success. After the end of that session was introduced many amendments to the regulations for the game, including: the stadium is divided into two parts and base ten seconds and others.
Months countries that practice this game
But months countries that practice this game and deserved titles tournaments teams are: the United States and Eastern Europe, Italy, Canada, and Spain.
Pitch
Held off on a flat land of rectangular length ranges between (24-28 m) and its introduction (13-15) meters. Called Aldilaan Tuilin of the stadium name: Ganbean and limits on Aldilaan Algosairan end Balhadin. There are no contraindications in the stadium also does not allow the use of grass-covered pitches.
The pitch establish clear lines and usually have a thickness of 5 cm. It should be specified that the distance between the lines of the stadium and elsewhere spectators are about two meters at least.
Draw a circle in the middle of the pitch radius of 185 cm and the measured radius of the center of the circle to the outer limit of its surroundings.
The free-throw line it draws a parallel for each of the end-limits as far away its edge 580 cm distance from the inner edge to the final limit, and have a length of 360 cm, and is the middle point on the line that connects the midwayers the ultimate limits of the stadium.
Forbidden Zone
Defined expanse of the pitch, lies between the ultimate limit of the stadium line free-throw and between two lines start from each point away from the middle of the final reduction of both sides by three meters measured from the edge of the external line and ends at the free-throw area. It is forbidden area in addition to an extended half-circle inside the stadium area, position the middle of the free-throw line, and with a radius of 180 cm and draws the second half of this circle arc spotty inside the forbidden zone. These distances specified in the Laws of the Game
Goals
Manufactured to Ouhta goal of solid wood, or any suitable transparent material and have a thickness of 3 cm and 180 cm dimensions are 120 cm horizontally vertically. Its surface is smooth, white and color. It draws a rectangle behind the loop length of 59 cm horizontally, and width 45 cm vertically, and the thickness of the ribs 5 cm. The four parties to the painting or its borders frame thickness of 5 cm and sets.
Goals site
Allouhtan placed 120 cm from the end and parallel to each other binomial. In the vertical level on the pitch. Above the Lower quilts per plate 275 cm from the pitch, and the columns that carry the paintings be off the field that they relate to a point away from the ground near them to reduce the final amount of at least 40 cm and painted a dark color.
Basketball
It is a network made of white rope fixed to metal ring orange inner diameter of 40 cm, length 60 cm, and are made so as to make the passage through which the ball easy. The diameter of the thickness of the penis, which made him Episode 20 millimeters, and the Lower Bhafth small workshops to install the network. The installation of the ring rail on the plate anchor a solid foundation, and placed in a horizontal level rises for the pitch amount of 305 cm, and the dimensions equal the edges helicopters of the plate, and that the distance between the surface of the painting and the nearest point of the inner edge of the ring rail 15 cm.
Ball
It must be complete rotation, made of leather or rubber, or any material of rubber, including rubber durability of their surroundings ranging between 75-80 cm and weighs between 600-650 grams. The inflatable ball so that if thrown from the height of 180 cm on a wooden land solid, they bounce to rise at least 120 cm measured from the top of the ball, if the ball touches the ground at least parts sensitivity and not more than 140 cm if touched the ground when the largest parts sensitivity.
